#280217.TM2.Tue.transportation and Material Handiling Equipment, Third Party Logistic and TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT: Railroads, Airlines, And Pipelines

#TM2.280217.Tue.transportation and Material Handling equipment. Third party logistics

Material Handiling Equipment

Dock Equipment

Material Handling begins at the loading dock when a truck containing the goods arrives and needs to be unloaded. The faster warehouse unloads the goods, the greater its throughput capability. Due to the constant activity, both the receiving and shipping dock activities need to be efficient. To load or unload the goods safely and quickly, the warehouse should utilize necessary dock equipment. The following section describes important dock equipment such as forklifts, dock bumpers, dock levelers, dock seals, trailer restraint systems, and pallets.

• Forklift, one type of dock equipment common to many materials handling systems is the forklifts truck, a very versatile piece of equipment that a company can provide at a very reasonable cost. Able to perform several useful material handling task, the forklift is individually powered and is available with various lift arrangements. Warehouse usually use forklifts in conjunction with pallets.

• Dock Bumpers, are molded rubber pieces that protect the building from the impact of a docking trailer backing into it and from a trailer shifting in weight during loading or unloading.
• Dock Levelers, dock levelers level out the angle between the dock and the trailer by providing a ramp that enables the forklift to drive into the trailer safely. The greater the ramp angle, the greater the chance of an accident.
• Dock Seals, a dock seal is cushioned frame around the dock door opening that connects the trailer to the dock. Its purpose is to create a seal blocking any outside weather, smoke, and fumes from entering the warehouse.
• Trailer Restraint Systems, vehicle restrains prevent the trailer from drifting away from the dock during loading or unloading . since the drifting causes many dock accidents, the occupational safety and health administration ( OSHA ) must approve a warehouse’s restraining system.
• Pallets, pallets are both basic and essential to material handling operations. A pallet’s main function is to provide a base to hold individual items together.

Other Materials- Handling Equipment

• Conveyors, a very popular form of materials-handling equipment, play an important role in advancing productivity and improving bottom-line operating results, particularly in the mechanized distribution center or warehouse. There are two basic types of conveyors, the first, a roller conveyor, basically uses the gravity principle. The other type is the wheel conveyor, or belt or towline conveyor, which requires power equipment. Such conveyors move goods either on a level or up inclines to a warehouse section. Companies use a roller conveyor wherever possible to minimize their operating costs.

• Cranes, companies can utilize a variety of cranes in warehouse. The two basic types are bridge cranes and stacker or wagon cranes. Bridge canes are more common in physical supply warehouses or where companies have to move, store, and load heavy industrial goods such as steel coils or generators.

• Automatic Guided Vehicle Systems , are machines that connect receiving, storing, manufacturing, and shipping. Firms can track these vehicles, either roaming freely or on a fixed path, with computers that make traffic control decisions.

Types of Material Handling Equipment – A Design perspective

Companies often divide materials handling equipment into three design categories. The first category is flexible path equipment, which includes manual hand trucks , all forklift trucks, and some other picking equipment. The second category is continuous flow fixed path equipment, which includes conveyors and draglines. These are usually very efficient and highly automated. A third type is intermitten-flow  fixed-path equipment. Including cranes, monorails, and stacker crane equipment, this category combines the efficiency of continuous flow equipment with the ability to stop unneeded equipment.

Third Party Logistic

Definition of Third – Party Logistic

Essentially, a third – party logistics firm may be defined as an external supplier that performs all or part of a company’s logistics functions. This definition is purposely broad and is intended to encompass suppliers of services such as transportation , warehousing, distribution, financial services, and so on.

Types of 3PL Providers

• Transportation Based, included among the transportation-based suppliers are firms such as UPS Supply Chain Solutions, FedEx Supply Chain Services, DHL, Ryder, Menlo Logistics, and Schneider Logistics, the most of these are subsidiaries or major divisions of large transportation firms.
• Warehouse/Distribution Based, Traditionally, most warehouse / distribution based logistics suppliers have been in the public or contract warehousing business and have expanded into a broader range of logistics services. Based on their traditional orientation, these types of organizations already have been involved in logistics activity such as inventory management, warehousing, distribution, and so on.
• Forwarder Based, essentially, these firms are nonasset owners, are very independent, and deal with a wide range of suppliers of logistics services. They have proven quite capable of putting together packages of logistics service that meet customers’ need.
• Financial Based, these firms provide services such as freight payment and auditing; cost accounting and control; and logistics management tools for monitoring, booking, tracking, and managing inventory.
• Information Based, at the time of the writing of this text, growth and development of Internet-based, business-to-business, electronic markets for transportation and logistics services was significant.

Logistic Strategic View and the role of 3PLs

As we look to the future, we already see increasing acceptance of the 4PL model, likely growth in expenditures by current users of 3PL services, and a growing sophistication in the out-sourced business approaches that respond to a dynamic set of customer logistics and supply chain needs.

Fourth-Party Relationships, essentially a supply chain integrator, a 4PL may be thought of as a firm that “ assembles and manages the resources, capabilities, and technology of its own organization with those complementary service providers to deliver a comprehensive supply chain solution.

Expected Growth in Customers’ use 3PL Services, one way to look at the future plans for outsourcing is to ask users of 3PL services to estimate the expected three-to five-year growth rate of outsourcing expenditures as a percent of overall logistics expenditures.

Logistics Outsourcing Model for the future, starting with the proprietary provision of logistics services, insourcing , at the bottom of the diagram, the model evolves through several successive stages.

TRANSPORTATION  EQUIPMENT: Railroads, Airlines, And Pipelines

Railroads

EQUIPMENT

The railroads own and maintain their own rolling stock. The characteristic of these cars have changed considerably to suit customer requirements; for example, the conventional boxcar had been de – emphasized but has seen resurgence in the past few years. Today’s car fleet is highly specialized and is designed to meet the needs of the individual shipper. Following is a list of eight generalized car types :

• Boxcar ( Plain ) : standarlized roofed freight car with sliding doors on the side used for general commodities
• Boxcar ( equipped ) : specially modified boxcar used for specialized merchandise, such as automobile parts
• hopper car : a freight car with the floor sloping to one or more hinged doors used for discharging bulk materials
• covered hopper : a hopper car with a roof designed to transport bulk commodities that need protection from the elements
• flatcar : a freight car with no top or sides used primarily for TOFC service machinery and building materials
• refrigerator car : a freight car to which refrigeration equipment has been added for controlled temperature
• gondola : a freight car with no top, a flat bottom, and fixed sides uses primarily for hauling bulk commodities
• tank car : specialized car used for the transport of liquids and gases

Airlines

Equipment

As mentioned eralier, the cost of operating airplanes varies. Larger planes are more costly to operate per hour than smaller planes, but the cost per seat-mile is lower for larger planes. That is, the larger plane has the capacity to carry more passengers; thus the higher cost is spread out over a large number of output units.

water carriers and Pipelines

Water transport industry overview

Significance of Water Transport

Water transportation remains a viable mode of transportation for the movement of product and especially of basic raw materials. Domestic water carriers compete with railroads for the movement of bulk commodities ( such as grains, coal, ores, and chemicals ), and with pipelines for the movement bulk petroleum products, and chemcial. The significance of water transportation will be examined from the perspectives of ton miles, market share, and freight expendictures.

Equipment

 Types of vehicles, because most domestic water carriers transport bulk materials, they use ships with very large hold openings to facilitate easy loading and unloading. Watertight walls dividing the holdsa  allow a ship to carry more than one commodity at a time. However, most carriers will carry a limited variety of products at one time. The importance of the major types of equipment uitilized on the Inland waterways is indicated in figure 8-2 in terms of their percentage of the total fleet.

Pipeline Industry Overview

The pipeline industry is unique in number of important aspects, including the type of commodity hauled, ownership and visibility. The industry is relatively unknown to the general public, which has little appreciation of the role and importance of pipline.

• The Motor Carrier Industry : focuses on the motor carrier industry and differentiates between both truckload (TL) and less-than-truckload (LTL) carrier operations.
• The Railroad Industry : examines the railroad industry and its current operation. Special attention is given to recent attempts by the federal government to reregulate the railroad industry.
• The Airline Industry Is The Topic : a discussion of the impact of volatile fuel prices on the airline industry is offered..
• Water And Pipeline : the historical development and significance of these modes are presented along wiht a discussion of the current status of each modde

1. Langley.Coyle.Gibson.Novack.Bardi (2009) managing supply chains: A Logistics Approach untuk materi 1 & 3 hal : 450-462 & 117-134
2. Coyle. Novack. Gibson. Bardi (2011) Transportation : A supply chain perspective untuk materi 2 part II : chapter 5, 6, 7, 8